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Suppressed History And Censored Research
AIDS
and Ebola, two of this century's most virulent diseases. Why was AIDS
originally known as "The Gay Plague" in America? Is AIDS merely a
freak accident of nature caused from an African green monkey virus? Or is AIDS
a government-sponsored genocide program that seeded a laboratory virus into
select populations for political and social purposes? Is it possible to create
pathogenic viruses by genetic engineering? Scientific arguments have been made
to support various theories of an artificial origin of AIDS, though these
arguments have been suppressed in both the mainstream press and in scientific
literature. The AIDS pandemic started as a direct result of genetic
experimentation and military madness. The most damning evidence that AIDS was
man-made comes from the Department of Defense (DOD) Appropriations Hearings for
1969 wherein Pentagon officials, namely a one Dr. MacArthur requested an
AIDS-like virus, and biowarfare labs dutifully provided a virus which would
destroy the human immune response. This genetically-engineered germ would be
very different from any previous microbe known to mankind. Interestingly, the
above Hearings on "Synthetic Biological Agents" occurred the same
year as the famous Stonewall Riot that won freedom and political clout for the
gay community! Neither the government nor the press nor the scientific
community has made any effort to bring the above facts to the attention of the
public.
Enter the heroic patriots!! There are tireless physicians
who have spent years researching and documenting the exhaustive evidence that
proves conclusively that HIV/AIDS is in fact biological (germ) warfare
experimentation. Whereas both our derelict politicians and mainstream media
continue to fail us regarding this most tremendous story of our time! The
heroic physicians introduced on this page are the true "saviors" if
you will, who alone have exposed the government's lies and devious smokescreens
contrived to conceal an event that is easily the greatest mass murder in world
history!! Those who control, manipulate, and censor the major media, are aware
of the political and social implications of the AIDS biowarfare story. The
reason for AIDS disinformation is obvious: to cover up the man-made origin of
this disease. Americans have been duped!!
In his
well known report WHO MURDERED AFRICA, Dr. William Campbell Douglass, M.D.,
wrote that HIV was finally produced (genetically engineered) in 1974, after
having been PREDICTED and REQUESTED! He tells us that the AIDS virus by the WHO
(World Health Organization), was not just a diabolical scientific exercise that
got out of hand. It was a cold-blooded successful attempt to create a killer
virus which was then used in a successful experiment in Africa. African AIDS
was the result of the smallpox eradication vaccine program conducted by the
World Health Organization during the 1970s. It was not an accident. It was
deliberate! It is more than hypothetical hyperbole to conclude that our
government has conducted biowarfare on Black Africa. It is fact.
For
decades depopulation has been the highest long-range priority of US foreign
policy towards the Third World. It was classified - it was a secret.
"Reduction of the rate of population in these States is a matter of vital
US national security." [ National Security Memorandum, Henry Kissinger ]
Viruses cannot jump species unless they are specifically engineered to do so.
It is also scientific fact that the AIDS virus bears no resemblance whatsoever
to any virus ever found in a green monkey or chimpanzee, but does bear a total
resemblance to cow virus and sheep virus, which have been bonded together to
create a hybrid virus. The only possible way these two different species of
virus could bond together would be from deliberate laboratory manipulation, and
then further engineered to make the jump into a human system. HIV is the
synthetic biological agent requested by the United States Government to
accomplish a hidden Federal program.
The National Institute of Health's Special Virus
Cancer Program (SVCP) is that said hidden
Federal program. To attempt to give a
comprehensive listing of the old and new
documented animal cancer experiments behind
the laboratory origin of HIV would fill up this
website. Disbelievers and denialists are urged
to open their minds. We are dealing here with
a worldwide covert genocidal holocaust of
unprecedented proportions.
Dr.
Robert Strecker is on record saying that science's new supergerm HIV (this
perversion of science), had been worked on being created for 30 to 40 years,
and because it was engineered at Ft. Detrick, MD, obviously his claim holds
that it was specifically designed as a weapon of mass destruction. As bizarre
as it may seem, there are connections between the U.S. Army's Fort Detrick
biowarfare lab and the National Cancer Institute, where Robert Gallo and other
leading AIDS researchers worked. (See Emerging Viruses, AIDS and Ebola, by
Leonard Horowitz.) The Army's DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL WARFARE already has a
well-documented tradition of EXPERIMENTATION ON HUMAN BEINGS. And nowhere has homophobia
been more blatant or more vicious than in the military. The question arises,
why would any homosexual want to serve in the military? Since the beginning of
recorded history there has never been a group of people so universally hated
and despised as homosexuals. And especially by the Pentagon! What happened in
1978 and beyond to cause AIDS to burst upon the scene and devastate the
homosexual segment of the American population?

Actual
NYC Blood Center recruiting ad - June, 1979
LAST
CHANCE For Gay Men to Join the HEPATITIS B* VACCINE PROGRAM. *A Sexually
Transmitted Disease. Enrollment closes in June, after which the vaccine may not
be available for several years. Take the FREE blood test to determine your
HEPATITIS B status and eligibility for the program. For hours and information
call: New York Blood Center 570-3047
AIDS in
America clearly traces back to the U.S. Federal government's infamous
enterprise of deceit, the hepatitis B experiments performed on thousands of gay
volunteers between the years 1978-1981. New York City (in 1083 gay men), San
Francisco (in 7000 gay men). The experiment began in Manhattan in November
1978, when over 1,000 homosexuals and bisexuals were injected with the
experimental vaccine. Dr. Wolf Szmuness' experimental hepatitis B vaccine was
manufactured by the National Institute of Health (NIH). Also taking part in the
study were the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, the National
Institute of Alergy and Infectious Diseases, and big drug companies such as
Merck, Sharp & Dohme, and Abbott Laboratories. To be eligible for the
experiment the men had to be young, healthy, promiscuous (emphasis added),
and under the age of 40. For statistical purposes -- gays were set up -- the
government tested and interviewed the most promiscuous gays -- those signed up
in VD clinics for example, and then made the statistics fit the entire gay
community. Szmuness had no trouble rounding up gays who were willing to be
guinea pigs in a vaccine program that offered health benefits for themselves
and their community. Most of the men in the experiment were white. Three months
after the experiment began at the New York City Blood Center, the first AIDS
case was discovered in a young white Manhattan gay. Beginning in March, 1980,
similar vaccine experiments took place in Los Angeles, San Francisco, St.
Louis, Denver and Chicago. In the fall of 1980, the first West Coast case of
AIDS was reported in a young white gay man from San Francisco. To this day the
New York City Blood Center refuse to release their data on the AIDS deaths
following that experiment! The details of the experiment, and its effect on the
health of these men, are contained in the records of the trials. However, since
1984, when 64% of the men who got the vaccine already had full-blown AIDS, no
additional reports have been released (Waves Forest, "Designer
Diseases", Open Road, Fall 1988, p.3). The U.S. Department of Justice is
keeping this incriminating information "classified" and
"unavailable" for public research and investigation. The definitive
report of this study can be found in two books by Dr. Alan Cantwell, AIDS and
the DOCTORS of DEATH and QUEER BLOOD. Those American gays never realized they
were the victims of a secret biomedical plot directed against them. The more
one studies the hepatitis B experiment, the more the connections to biological
warfare and genocide become apparent. To those perceptive enough to discern it,
the mass deaths of homosexuals from AIDS was similar to the mass deaths of Jews
in the Holocaust!
Media Disinformation
With
the publication of And The Band Played On in 1987, the media became obsessed with
author Randy Shilts' "Patient Zero" story. A Canadian airline steward
named Gaeton Dugas is portrayed as the promiscuous gay man "who brought
the AIDS virus from Paris and ignited the epidemic in North America." What
Shilts probably did not know is that when Dugas was diagnosed with AIDS in
1980, over twenty percent of the Manhattan gays in the hepatitis B experiment
were HIV positive. This twenty percent infection rate was discovered
after the HIV blood test became available in 1985, and after the mens' stored
blood at the New York Blood Center was retested for HIV antibodies (JAMA,
Vol. 255, pp. 2167-2172, 1986). Remarkably, these gay men had the highest
recorded incidence of HIV anywhere in the world for that time! Even in African
populations, where AIDS had been theorized to exist for millennia, there were
never reports of such a high incidence of HIV in 1980. The media continue to
promote ludicrous propaganda about the origin of AIDS, always avoiding
discussion of the idea that HIV came out of a laboratory, and always pointing
the finger to Africa.
Dr. Robert Strecker

Dr.
Robert B. Strecker, M.D.,Ph.D., was the first AIDS whistleblower, and Lorimar
Pictures has bought the screen rights to this most brilliant and courageous
doctor's life story.
Nothing
less than a Congressional hearing and investigation that may lead to a full
world conference in the United Nations is needed to clarify and defuse the
alleged mentally deranged plan of world depopulation through genetically
engineered bio-weapons and prevent world panic! Now if silence is complicity,
then the American mainstream press IS libel for it's continuing, ongoing
silence in the face of this diabolic world genocide encompassing the decimation
of third world countries for purposes of population control. The CIA's want and
need for an offensive biological agent to stem the African birth rate is a
matter of record documented over 50 years ago. The American people have the
right to know and deserve a dialogue on this global genocide of Nuremburg
gravity! The massive government cover up and disinformation campaign is
expected to escalate (witness the proliferation of certain conspicuous books).
Dr. Leonard Horowitz is building a grass roots activist movement to finally
expose this great crime against humanity, and to hopefully prevent future
bio-attacks against gays and other targeted groups with
"ethno-specific" viruses. The Genome Project makes this technology a
very plausible reality for concern. During the late 1950's, the 60's, the 70's,
and the early 80's, scientists and policy makers in the U.S. believed there was
a population explosion of peoples who they considered inferior and or
undesirable. This is historically the very essence of the intolerant and
genocidal mindset. The political consequences for humanity can be disastrous if
the new genetic technology is used for evil purposes. The cancer virologists
and the genetic engineers are the new masters of life and death on the planet.
Physician/scientist,
cancer/AIDS researcher, Dr. Alan R.Cantwell's AIDS biowarfare books are his
classic AIDS AND THE DOCTORS OF DEATH (suppressed at the Fifth International
AIDS Conference at Montreal, Canada), and the Benjamin Franklin Award winning
sequel, QUEER BLOOD:The Secret AIDS Genocide Plot. 1-800-431-1579. Dr.
Cantwell is also author of the revolutionary THE CANCER MICROBE. It is a
continuing tragedy that microbiologists, pathologists, oncologists,
dermatologists, and other physicians and researchers are not willing to
investigate the microbe of cancer. Knowledge of this cancer germ has been
suppressed by a greedy and arrogant scientific establishment that does not
really want to find a cause and a cure for cancer because it is more lucrative
to continue the "search." Until this infectious agent is recognized,
it is doubtful that medical science will ever achieve an effective treatment
for AIDS and cancer.
*************************************************
"In the face of a lethal disease, journalists and
media editors have been frightened to contradict
the conventional wisdom being put across by
the scientists. There has been no serious
attempt at investigative journalism into the wealth
of scientific scandals surrounding AIDS." - Dr. John Seale.
"We have more evidence on the man-made
nature of the AIDS virus than the State of
California has on some death-row prisoners,"
says Jack Carpenter, the marketing associate
of Dr.Robert Strecker and Dr.Alan Cantwell.
Courtesy of Peter Sean Mackenzie
**************************************************
A
terrific SOURCE for books about AIDS as man-made disease, emerging viruses, the
cancer conspiracy and other medical conspiracies etc., contact:
Dr. Alan Cantwell

Author of Classic AIDS Books
www.google.com
type in alan cantwell
Aries
Rising Press
P. O.
Box 29532
Los
Angeles, CA 90029
Phone/FAX
(323) 462-6458
E-mail
AlanRCan@aol.com
Current
catalog of books upon request.
DR. LEONARD G. HOROWITZ
Dr.
Horowitz's brilliantly researched book, EMERGING VIRUSES: AIDS & Ebola; Nature,
Accident or Intentional? (1996) Available also from Aries Rising Press. According
to Dr. Horowitz, one of the prime players was Henry Kissinger, former Secretary
of State, who in 1969 allocated $10 million of Congressional funding for the
development of AIDS-like viruses by the U.S. military. Kissinger also allegedly
instructed the CIA to stockpile a Pandora's box of deadly viruses for a secret
germ warfare project code-named MKNAOMI. MK- NAOMI is the code for the development
of AIDS. The "NAOMI" portion stands for the racist "Negroes Are Only Momentary
Individuals." Kissinger and a few MKNAOMI scientists controlled the fate of
AIDS-like viruses engineered for the Army for use in CIA-directed operations.
EMERGING VIRUSES delivers a particularly devastating indictment against AIDS
researcher Robert Gallo. Horowitz reveals the early Nazi roots of biological
warfare research. EMERGING VIRUSES concludes that the people society blames
for starting the AIDS pandemic -- American gay men and Africans -- are innocent
victims, while those who created AIDS continue to profit by developing expensive
new drugs to treat it. Pharmaceutical industrialists create the problems and
then manufacture the solutions. EMERGING VIRUSES is an explosive book exposing
the madness of modern medicine and a powerhouse of evidence to show why AIDS
is a man-made disease. "Perhaps now, as AIDS consumes the lives, liberties,
and pursuits of an estimated 100 million HIV-positive people worldwide, the
time has come to vanquish our delusions about it and its origin." "
To find out more about EMERGING VIRUSES and to read the in-depth chapter summary, visit Dr. Leonard Horowitz's website,
Robert E. Lee, M.S., M.S.W., L.C.S.W.

The
"old" cases of the Manchester, England case of the 1950s -- and the
very young black boy from St. Louis case of AIDS in 1969 -- have both been
DISPROVEN as old AIDS cases, (See Hooper's The River, 1999), a book which
debunks these cases. Until the majority of people wake up that AIDS is a
man-made disease and force the issue in the press, this subject will remain
TABOO in the media, except to pass it off as "conspiracy theory" and
"paranoia."
Caveat:
The Hooper group is fixated on ONLY one thing, -- and that is the possibly contaminated
polio vaccines of the 1950s. They curiously ignore all other vaccine programs,
as well as additional sources of possible viral contamination during vaccine
manufacture. Although Hooper's writings point to a man-made origin of AIDS,
they certainly are not the last word on the matter; and his conclusions still
remain a theory best evaluated by comparing them with the views of other researchers
who believe that HIV was deliberately introduced to American gays and African
blacks by hepatitis B and smallpox vaccine programs in the 1970s, and not solely
via the polio vaccine route. And we suggest to interested readers not to believe
everything in the newspapers, CNN, and in medical journals. Blaming primates
and human sexuality for the intoduction and spread of AIDS makes as much sense
as blaming Jews for the Holocaust. And yet almost all the "intellectuals" believe
in the monkey-chimp "out of Africa" origin of AIDS. The EVIDENCE for bonified
AIDS cases in the U.S. and Africa prior to the eruption of AIDS in the late
1970s is WEAK. However, the AIDS "experts" have used this weak evidence to totally
discredit all the irrefutable evidence pointing to HIV as being intoduced in
the 1970s. Ask yourselves why???
AIDS:
An Explosion of the Biological Timebomb? is a 117,000 word, 16 chapter, 1600+
hyperlinked footnoted work examining historic leukemia, sarcoma, and immunodeficiency
research over the last 60 years. Incremental developments in these sciences
reveals likely origin, certainly intentional creation of HIV. *************************************** FOR THOSE WHO DOUBT OUR GOVERNMENT THE
HUMAN RADIATION EXPERIMENTS You
can only fool intelligent people for so long. Our take on this new round of
transparent propaganda alleging a natural evolution of the AIDS virus from
wild African chimpanzees is that it is a desperate attempt to further obscure
the scientific evidence and incriminating facts. Now that thousands of grassroots
activists are successfully alerting millions more regarding the works by Drs.
Strecker, Cantwell, Horowitz and others, spin doctors need to work overtime.
Their periodic propaganda can only distract and confuse people for so long.
Millions now realize that AIDS, as well as other immune system related disorders
including chronic fatigue CFIDS, fibromyalgia, Lupus, multiple sclerosis and
many more neurologic injuries including autism, attention deficit, and hyperactivity
disorders in our children, along with several unique contemporary cancer epidemics
including lymphomas, leukemias and sarcomas, are largely vaccine induced injuries. John
Seale, M.D., concluded that AIDS was man-made in "Origins of the AIDS
Viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2: Fact or Fiction?" which was published by The
British Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1988 (81: 617-619). And Dr. Georges Mathe, the father of bone marrow
transplantation and one of the giants of clinical immunology, has long stated
HIV is an engineered virus. Lieutenant
Colonel Thomas E. Bearden (U.S. Army, retired) wrote the book, AIDS Biological
Warfare in 1988 claiming that HIV was developed in American biowarfare labs,
urging: "It is imperative that the Congress of the United States launch
a full investigation of the entire background of the AIDS biowarfare strike,
as a matter of the highest priority." Bearden holds a Master of Science
degree in nuclear engineering and a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics,
and now heads an aerospace firm. The
New York Native was the first American paper to report the story, quoting
an anonymous source who worked for the Fort Detrick Biological Warfare lab
in Bethesda, Maryland, and claimed that the AIDS Biowarfare program was called
"Operation Firm Hand." (4/13/87). Jakob
Segal, an East Berlin microbiologist, interviewed in the London Sunday Express,
October 26, 1986, insisted that "the AIDS virus was man-made," and
when asked about the widely-accepted green monkey theory of AIDS, the German
professor quipped, "It's ludicrous and scientifically incredible -- and
has been promoted I believe, by the U.S. Government as part of the cover-up." Dr.
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, M.D., has been most outspoken against physicians who
are hiding the truth about the man-made origin of HIV and generous with her
endorsements promoting Dr. Cantwell's honest books. Dr. Cantwell's expose
of AIDS as a man-made epidemic has already resulted in the New York and Los
Angeles productions of two critically-acclaimed plays: Aubrey Hampton's MIXED
BLOOD: A DRAMA ABOUT THE CREATION OF THE AIDS VIRUS; and Christian Ander's
THE MAN WHO CREATED AIDS. The
AIDS biologic experiment is a replay of the medical terrors of Nazi Germany,
but few people realize that another man-made Holocaust is occurring in front
of our eyes. Dr. Strecker has astutely pointed out why the perpetrators selected
gay men for the hepatitis B experiment. Because, said the doctor, they knew
that NOTHING would be done since homosexuals are the most hated group in history.
And the silence continues! NEVER
in the history of medicine has a viral disease EXCLUSIVELY attacked only gay
men (originally). HERE, according to the doctors, is the "SMOKING GUN"...... How
do you turn a black heterosexual disease in Africa into a white homosexual
disease in America? How could AIDS have started in Africa and in New York
City at the same time?
Cleveland newspaper says "Incontrovertible
Evidence In Public Records"
AIDS FLOWCHART
http://www.boydgraves.com/flowchart/
SECRETLY EXPERIMENTS ON ITS OWN PEOPLE
How scientists secretly used U.S. citizens
as guinea pigs during the Cold War
2001 by Alan R Cantwell Jr., M.D.
In preparing America for nuclear attack during the Cold War years following
World War II, thousands of U.S. citizens became the innocent victims of over
4,000 secret and classified radiation experiments conducted by the Atomic
Energy Commission (AEC) and other government agencies, such as the Department
of Defense, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, the Public Health
Service (now the CDC), the National Institutes of Health, the Veterans Administration
(VA), the CIA, and NASA.
Millions of people were exposed to radioactive fallout from the continental
testing of more than 200 atmospheric and underground nuclear weapons, and
from the hundreds of secret releases of radiation into the environment. Over
200,000 "atomic vets" who worked closely with nuclear detonations at the Nevada
test site during the 1950s and 1960s were especially vulnerable to radiation
fallout.
Also affected were the thousands of so-called "downwinders", who lived in
nearby small towns in Nevada, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. These downwinders
(along with the animal populations) suffered the worst cumulative radioactive
effects of fallout, along with a contaminated environment teeming with radioactive
food and farm products. The plight of these poor country people exposed to
government-induced radiation sickness has been recorded in Carole Gallagher's
remarkable photo-essay American Ground Zero: The Secret Nuclear War (The Free
Press, 1993).
In reviewing declassified AEC records (now the Department of Energy) from
the 1950s, Gallagher was shocked to discover one document that described the
people downwind of the Nevada Test Site as "a low use segment of the population."
Her shock at such callous bigotry caused her to eventually move West to research,
investigate and document those who lived closest to the Test Site, as well
as workers at the site, and soldiers repeatedly exposed to nuclear bombs during
the military tests.
Disinformation and Nuclear Fallout
In the nuclear arms race, government doctors and scientists brainwashed the
public into believing low dose radiation was not harmful. Some officials even
tried to convince people that "a little radiation is good for you." Totally
ignored was the knowledge that the radiation from nuclear fallout could lead
to an increased risk of cancer, heart disease, neurological disorders, immune
system disease, reproductive abnormalities, sterility, birth defects, and
genetic mutations which could be passed on from generation to generation.
The full extent of this radiation damage to the American public during the
Cold War years will never be known.
A secret AEC document, dated 17 April 1947, reveals that physicians were aware
of these radiation hazards but simply ignored them. Under the title "Medical
Experiments in Humans," the memorandum read: "It is desired that no document
be released which refers to experiments with humans that might have an adverse
effect on public opinion or result in legal suits. Documents covering such
field work should be classified 'Secret'."
According to Gallagher, many downwinders testified that the Public Health
Service officials told them that their 'neurosis' about the fallout was the
only thing that would give them cancer, particularly if they were female.
Women with severe radiation illness, hair loss, and badly burned skin, were
clinically diagnosed in hospitals as "neurotic." Other severely ill women
were diagnosed with 'housewife syndrome'." When Gallagher's investigation
led her to ask a Department of Energy spokesperson about the AEC/DOE's practice
of waiting until the wind blew towards Utah before testing nuclear bombs or
venting radiation in order to avoid contaminating Las Vegas or Los Angeles,
the unabashed and unconcerned official actually said on tape, "Those people
in Utah don't give a shit about radiation."
Secret Radiation Experiments
Only recently, with the forced release of Top Secret documents, have details
been revealed about the unethical and inhumane radiation studies conducted
during the Cold War years from 1944 to 1974. The initial story broke in November
1993 in a series of articles in the Albuquerque Tribune which identified the
names of 18 Americans secretly injected with plutonium, a key ingredient of
the atomic bomb and one of the most toxic substances known to man. Some, but
not all, of the patients were terminally ill. This horrifying story by journalist
Eileen Welsome (who later won a Pulitzer Prize) unleashed a storm of nationwide
protest prompting Department of Energy Secretary Hazel O'Leary to order the
release of secret files and documents pertaining to these Cold War experiments.
The extremely dangerous plutonium experiment was performed under the auspices
of the government's Manhattan Project, which brought together a revered group
of distinguished scientists to develop and test the atom bomb. The purpose
of these secret experiments was to establish occupational standards for workers
who would be producing plutonium and other radioactive ingredients for the
nuclear energy industry.
Some of the classified government experiments included:
=Exposing more than 100 Alaskan villagers to radioactive iodine during the
1960s
=Feeding 49 retarded and institutionalized teen-agers radioactive iron and
calcium in their cereal during the years 1946-1954.
=Exposing about 800 pregnant women in the late 1940s to radioactive iron to
determine the effect on the fetus.
=Injecting 7 newborns (six were Black) with radioactive iodine.
=Exposing the testicles of more than 100 prisoners to cancer-causing doses
of radiation. This experimentation continued into the early 1970s.
=Exposing almost 200 cancer patients to high levels of radiation from cesium
and cobalt. The AEC finally stopped this experiment in 1974.
=Administering radioactive material to psychiatric patients in San Francisco
and to prisoners in San Quentin.
=Administering massive doses of full body radiation to cancer patients hospitalized
at the General Hospital in Cincinnati, Baylor College in Houston, Memorial
Sloan-Kettering in New York City, and the U.S. Naval Hospital in Bethesda,
during the 1950s and 1960s. The experiment provided data to the military concerning
how a nuclear attack might affect its troops.
=Exposing 29 patients, some with rheumatoid arthritis, to total body irradiation
(100-300 rad dose) to obtain data for the military. This was conducted at
the University of California Hospital in San Francisco.
The Atomic Energy Commission
In 1995 the Energy Department admitted to over 430 radiation experiments conducted
by the Atomic Energy Commission between the years 1944 and 1974. Over 16,000
people were radiated, some of whom did not know the health risks or did not
give consent.
These experiments were designed to help atomic scientists understand the human
hazards of nuclear war and radiation fallout. Because the entire nuclear arms
buildup was classified secret, these experiments were all stamped secret and
allowed to take place under the banner of protecting "national security."
Amazingly, these clandestine studies were conducted at the most prestigious
medical institutions and colleges, including the University of Chicago, the
University of Washington, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, V anderbilt
University in Nashville, and the previously mentioned universities.
Uranium Mine Workers
In addition to these radiation experiments, workers who mined uranium for
the AEC in the Four Corners area of Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico,
were exposed to radioactive dust during the 1940s up to the 1960s. Although
AEC scientists and epidemiologists knew the dust in these poorly ventilated
mines was contaminated with deadly radon gas which could easily cause death
from lung cancer, this lifesaving information was never passed on to the miners,
many of whom were Native Americans. As a result, many miners died prematurely
of cancer of the lung.
Stewart Udall, an Arizona Congressman and lawyer who also served as Secretary
of the Interior during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, represented
the miners and their families in a class action lawsuit against the federal
government for radiation injuries. In The Myths of August, Udall writes that
some physicians who defended the decisions of the atomic establishment sought
to justify these experiments by contending that little was known about the
health risks associated with the various exposures. Others tried to put a
positive face on tests conducted without obtaining informed consent by maintaining
that these experiments nevertheless produced advance in medical knowledge.
Some physicians argued that the conduct of the AEC doctors should be condoned
because they were merely following the 'prevailing ethics' of the postwar
period. When the miners' case finally came to trial in 1983, the federal court
in Arizona dismissed the case by declaring the U.S. government was immune
from lawsuit.
Medical Ethics of the Cold War
How could these physician-experimenters ignore the sworn Hippocratic Oath
promising that doctors will not harm their patients? Did they violate the
Nuremberg Code of justice developed in response to the Nazi war crimes trials
after World War ll?
The Nuremberg Code includes 10 principles to guide physicians in human experimentation.
In actuality, prior to the Nazi war crime tribunals, there was no written
code for doctors; and lawyers defending the Nazi doctors tried to argue that
similar wartime experiments were conducted with prisoners at the Illinois
State Penitentiary, who were deliberately infected with malaria. During the
Nuremberg trials the AMA came up with its own ethical standards, which included
three requirements: 1) voluntary consent of the person on whom the experiment
is to be performed must be obtained; 2) the danger of each experiment must
be previously investigated by animal experimentation; and 3) the experiment
must be performed under proper medical protection and management.
The records now show that many victims of the government's radiation experiments
did not voluntarily consent as required by the Code. As late as 1959, Harvard
Medical School researcher Henry Beecher viewed the Code "as too extreme and
not squaring with the realities of clinical research." Another physician said
the Code had little effect on mainstream medical morality and "doubted the
ability of the sick to understand complex facts of their condition in a way
to make consent meaningful."
Writing in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1996, Jay Katz
recalls an argument at Harvard Medical School in 1961 suggesting that the
Code was not necessarily pertinent to or adequate for the conduct of research
in the United States. Katz writes: "The medical research community found,
and still finds, the stringency of the NC's first principle all to onerous."
But patients in medical experiments expect the experiment to help them in
some way — not to harm them! Patients also are often inclined to totally trust
their physicians not to harm them." In The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg
Code, Katz concludes that many doctors view the Code as "a good code for barbarians
but an unnecessary code for ordinary physicians."
The President's Advisory Committee
In January 1994 President Clinton convened an Advisory Committee to investigate
the accusations surrounding the human radiation experiments. In their final
report presented to the president on October 3, 1995, the Committee found
that up to the early 1960s it was common for physicians to conduct research
on patients without their consent.
The Committee's harshest criticism was reserved for those cases in which physicians
used patients without their consent in experiments in which the patients could
not possibly benefit medically. These cases included the 18 people injected
with plutonium at Oak Ridge Hospital in Tennessee, the University of Rochester
in New York, the University of Chicago, and the University of California at
San Francisco, as well as two experiments in which seriously ill patients
were injected with uranium, six at the Univer sity of Rochester and eleven
at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. The plutonium and uranium experiments
undoubtedly put the subjects at increased risk for cancer in ten or twenty
years' time.
The Final Report of the President's Advisory Committee is now available in
The Human Radiation Experiments, published in 1996 by Oxford Press. Although
the Committee studied the experiments in depth, there was no attempt to assess
the damage done to individuals. In many cases, the names and records of the
patients were no longer available, nor was there any easy way to identify
how many experiments had been conducted, where they took place, and which
government agencies sponsored them. The Department of Health and Human Services,
the primary government sponsor of research, had long since discarded files
on experiments performed decades ago.
The Committee discovered "the records of much of the nation's recent history
had been irretrievably lost or simply could not be located" and "only the
barest description remained" for the majority of the experiments. The Department
of Energy also claimed all the pertinent records of its predecessor, the AEC,
had been destroyed during the 1970s, but in some cases as late as 1989. All
CIA records are classified. When records of the top secret MKULTRA program
(in which unwitting subjects were experimented upon with a variety of mind-altering
drugs) were requested, the CIA explained that all pertinent records had been
destroyed during the 1970s when the program became a national scandal.
Keeping Government Secrets
The Committee made clear that its story could not have been told if the government
did not keep some records that were eventually retrieved and made public.
However, federal records management law also provides for the routine destruction
of older records. Thus, in the great majority of cases the loss or destruction
of requested documents was a function of normal record-keeping practices.
The Committee was dismayed to report: "At the same time, however, the records
that recorded the destruction of documents, including secret documents, have
themselves been lost or destroyed. Thus, the circumstances of destruction
(and indeed, whether documents were destroyed or simply lost) is often hard
to ascertain.
In the Committee's judgment the AEC had repeatedly deceived the public by
denying it had engaged in human experimentation, and by issuing cover stories
to cover-up secret investigations, and by deliberately supplying incomplete
information to people who participated in government-sponsored biomedical
research. It was clear than once government information was "born secret"
it often remained that way.
The Committee concludes: "The government has the power to create and keep
secrets of immense importance to us all." Yet, without documents how can historians
and other researchers uncover the truth about the government's clandestine
activities? Where is the 'smoking gun' when secret records are systematically
shredded or reported as 'lost'? We now know that many people were damaged
during the government's Cold War period of secrets and lies. But how can we
uncover the medical and scientific secrets that remain hidden in the still
classified documents from 1974 up to the present?
In the absence of medical records and follow-up, the ultimate fate of individuals
who willingly or unwillingly "volunteered" for these experiments is not known.
The Committee simply did not have the time or the resources to review individual
files and histories. In many instances only fragmentary information survives
about these experiments; whether people were harmed in these experiments could
not be ascertained.
Current Secret Biomedical Experimentation
The U.S. has the world's largest arsenal of chemical and biological weapons.
However, few people are aware of the covert biowarfare experiments conducted
by various government agencies, particularly the military and the CIA. For
example, in August 1977 the CIA admitted to no less than 149 subprojects,
including experiments to determine the effects of different drugs on human
behavior; work on lie-detectors, hypnosis, and electric shock; and the surreptitious
delivery of drug-related materials. Forty-four colleges and universities were
involved, along with fifteen research foundations, twelve hospitals or clinics,
and three penal institutions. In the infamous MKULTRA mind-altering experiments,
the victims were lured to hotel rooms for sexual encounters with prostitutes
and were then drugged and monitored by CIA agents. Military biowarfare attacks
against unsuspecting Americans in the 1950s and 60s are a documented reality.
The most notorious was a six-day U.S. military bioattack on San Francisco
in which clouds of potentially harmful bacteria were sprayed over the city.
Twelve people developed pneumonia due to these infectious microbes, and one
elderly man died from the bioattack.
In other secret attacks, bacteria were sprayed into New York City subway tunnels;
into crowds at a Washington, D.C. airport; and onto highways in Pennsylvania.
Biowarfare testing also took place in military bases in Virginia, in Key West,
Florida, and off the coasts of California and Hawaii. For 50 years the shameful
details of the government's radiation experiments were kept secret from the
public. In The Plutonium Files, Eileen Welsome notes the ethical horror that
resulted from the melding of military and medical agendas during the Cold
War. She credits the atomic bomb project's public relations machine for downplaying
the fallout controversy, the illnesses of the atomic veterans, and the diseases
of the downwinders. The government propagandists simply placed the blame on
sudden wind shifts, misinformed scientists, the overactive imagination of
aging soldiers, and even Communist propagandists.
Welsome concludes, "The web of deception and denial looks in retrospect like
a vast conspiracy, but in actuality it was simply a reflection of the shared
attitudes and beliefs of the scientists and the bureaucrats who were inducted
into the weapons program at a time of national urgency and never abandoned
their belief that nuclear war was imminent." She worries if what we have learned
from the thousands of radiation experiment documents made public over the
last several years will be remembered. Like the Holocaust and the Nazi crimes
against humanity, the radiation experiments should never be forgotten. In
reviewing Welsome's book for the Los Angeles Times (January 2, 2000), Thomas
Powers asks: "If the government lied about the danger of nuclear testing,
can we trust them to tell us the truth about acid rain, global warming or
the safety of deep storage for nuclear waste?"
Does Secret Medical Experimentation Continue?
To this day there are no adequate safeguards to protect people from secret
government experimentation. Since the mid-1970s we have witnessed the spectacular
rise of genetic engineering and molecular biology, as well as the concomitant
outbreak of new and mysterious diseases like AIDS, chronic fatigue syndrome,
the peculiar "Four Corners" lung disease discovered on Navajo land, and the
appearance of unprecedented "emerging" viruses never before seen on the planet.
Investigators linking the possible origin of these diseases to the dangerous
engineering of new microbes are often dismissed as paranoids and crackpots.
The mysterious Persian Gulf War syndrome is yet another recent illness clouded
in military and biologic secrecy, with the origin and cause still debated
and the medical records of sick veterans often "lost" or otherwise unavailable.
Not surprisingly, the same government institutions that funded the radiation
experiments now largely control the research, the funding, and the cover stories
pertaining to all these new diseases and viruses.
What is clear from studying the Committee's Final Report is that the medical
and scientific professions collaborated with the government and the military
to abuse and harm U.S. citizens. In the process, the nuclear establishment
literally got away with murder. And there is simply no end to the secrets
that still emerge from the Cold War years that began 58 years ago with the
Manhattan Project.
In January 2000, the government presented the results of a statistical study
showing that atomic workers employed in the nuclear weapons industry during
the Cold War were more likely to suffer a higher rate of cancer, due to their
exposure to cancer-causing radiation and chemicals.
From the 1940s up to the present time, government lawyers and scientists have
repeatedly rejected the claims of workers who became sick as result of nuclear
radiation and exposure to deadly uranium, plutonium, and fluorine. As many
as 600,000 workers in 14 nuclear weapons plants are now affected by the government's
final admission of wrongdoing in exposing these people to cancer and other
chronic illnesses.
According to a Los Angeles Times report, "workers told of spending years trying
to get compensation payments from the state, of having to hire attorneys to
get disability pay, of going to clinics that forced them to sign away rights
to a portion of any future disability payment before they could be treated."
Kay Sutherland, a worker at the Hanford plutonium plant in central Washington
State, told a hearing that "the people in this area have been forced into
poverty because they've had to retire in their 30s, 40s, and 50s, too young
to get a retirement, and too young to get Social Security. They fall through
the cracks and they die." Sutherland has lost four of her five family members
to disease, and has an enlarged liver and multiple tumors. She considers herself
"a Holocaust survivor for the American Cold War.
How can we stop these nuclear and biological horrors, which have condemned
thousands of innocent people to disease and death? Why must decades of government-sanctioned
medical abuse be kept secret and covered-up by scientists and physicians who
claim to be concerned about the health of the public?
One way to prevent abuse might be to bring the physician-scientist perpetrators
of these experiments to justice in a court of law. However, unless the public
is aroused, this is unlikely to happen.
Writing in the Columbia Journalism Review, Geoffrey Sea notes: "A startling
fact about the experiments is that, despite the documentation of hundreds
of cases of unethical conduct resulting in lasting damage to thousands of
people, not a single physician or nurse, scientist or technician, policy maker
or administrator has yet come forward to admit wrongdoing."
For over twenty years the law allowed the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)
to use Americans as "guinea pigs." This law (the U.S. code annotated Title
50, Chapter 32, Section 1520 , dated July 30, 1977) remained on the books
until it was repealed under public pressure in 1998. The new and revised bill
prohibits the DoD from conducting tests and experiments on humans, but allows
"exceptions." One of the exceptions is that a test or experiment can be carried
out for "any peaceful purpose that is related to a medical, therapeutic, pharmaceutical,
agricultural, industrial, or research activity." Thus, the 1998 law has obvious
loopholes which allow secret testing to continue. For details on the restrictions
(and exceptions) for human testing for chemical and biological agents, consult
the Gulf War Vets website at http.//www.gulfwarvets.com/1520a.htm.
Unethical and dangerous experimentation undoubtedly continues in secret up
to the present time, ostensibly under the guise of "national security." Thus,
it would seem prudent for patients to think twice before signing-up for government-sponsored
medical studies, particularly at leading medical institutions. Enlightened
patients might also view doctors (and scientists) with a healthy dose of skepticism,
and a touch of paranoia.
As weird as all this sounds, it could save your life!
[Dr. Alan Cantwell is a physician and AIDS and cancer researcher. He is the
author of Queer Blood: The Secret AIDS Genocide Plot, and The Cancer Microbe,
both published by Aries Rising Press, PO Box 29532, Los Angeles, CA 90029,
USA. Email: alanrcan@aol.com]
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